24
Lectures
30
minutes/lecture
1.
How We Fail
Pathophysiology is the study of changes in the normal functioning of the body due to disease or injury. Dr. Goodman begins the course with an intriguing look at how, in his general surgical practice, he developed a broad knowledge of this field.
1.
How We Fail
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13.
Malaria
Many tropical diseases involve parasitic organisms that have complex life cycles. Often these organisms do not kill but rather sap the vitality of their hosts, keeping them barely alive. Malaria is one of the most widespread and devastating of these diseases.
13.
Malaria
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2.
Cell Biology—Introduction and Definitions
Cells are the smallest fully functioning units of life and therefore the fundamental level of reaction to an attack and subsequent healing response. This lecture shows how cells can maintain the status quo and how they react to different challenges.
2.
Cell Biology—Introduction and Definitions
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14.
Schistosomiasis, Filariasis, Tapeworms
This lecture covers a series of parasitic diseases that have been largely eradicated in the developed world, but that still affect millions in poor nations. Among them is a form of filariasis, called Loa loa, that Dr. Goodman, as a student, encountered in a dramatic case.
14.
Schistosomiasis, Filariasis, Tapeworms
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3.
Inflammation—Basic Principles
The acute inflammatory response is the body's first reaction to infection or invasion. During this response, chemicals are released that consume invaders, while other processes remove the invaders and initiate healing of the injured site.
3.
Inflammation—Basic Principles
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15.
Infectious Diseases—Treatment
Sulfa drugs opened the antibiotic era in the early 20th century. Penicillin followed along with a host of antibiotics with specialized uses. Today, many bacteria have evolved drug resistance, turning back the clock to the preantibiotic era.
15.
Infectious Diseases—Treatment
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4.
The Inflammatory Response
Several kinds of blood cells are instrumental to the inflammatory response. Blood platelets initiate clotting; some types of white blood cells eat debris in a process called phagocytosis, while others release chemicals that direct the phagocytes.
4.
The Inflammatory Response
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16.
Infectious Diseases—Triumph and Failure
This lecture looks at some of the great success stories in conquering infectious diseases: Edward Jenner and smallpox, John Snow and cholera, and Louis Pasteur and rabies. All were working in the period before the organisms responsible for these diseases were known.
16.
Infectious Diseases—Triumph and Failure
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5.
Inflammation—Clinical Manifestations
This lecture reviews the four classic signs of inflammation: rubor (redness), dolor (pain), calor (heat), and tumor (swelling). The inflammatory response also produces different exudates and transudates, exemplified in burn injuries.
5.
Inflammation—Clinical Manifestations
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17.
Shock—Principles and Hypovolemic Shock
Shock is the inability of the heart to provide adequate perfusion to the body's organs. Shock may lead to multiple organ failure, and if untreated, death. Forms of shock share the failure of the heart and vessels to keep up adequate blood flow to the organs to sustain life. Hypovolemic shock usually starts from severe blood loss
17.
Shock—Principles and Hypovolemic Shock
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6.
The Immune Response
The immune system is the next line of defense after the inflammatory response. Two distinct but related modes of action are the humoral response, induced by invaders in body fluids such as blood; and the cell-meditated response, directed against viruses, parasites, and foreign cells.
6.
The Immune Response
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18.
Categories of Shock
Other forms of shock include cardiogenic shock, the failure of the heart to function effectively; anaphylactic shock, stimulated by a severe allergic reaction; septic shock in response to infection; and neurogenic shock, resulting from damage to the nervous system.
18.
Categories of Shock
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7.
The Immune Response Continued
The secretory response is another aspect of the immune system, which aims to neutralize invaders before they enter the body. This lecture also examines natural and acquired immunities and vaccine development.
7.
The Immune Response Continued
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19.
Cancer—The Enemy Within
Stem cells are found throughout the body and can differentiate into specialized cells to replace normal cell attrition or to repair damaged tissues. Cancer, says Dr. Goodman, is the failure of stem cells to differentiate, and results from mutations lead to uncontrolled cell division.
19.
Cancer—The Enemy Within
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8.
Hypersensitivity and the Allergic Response
Hypersensitivity turns a protective reÂÂsponse into a potentially dangerous one as the body overreacts to a foreign substance. Such reactions are generally called allergies and can be stimulated by foods, medicines, natural toxins, and various chemicals.
8.
Hypersensitivity and the Allergic Response
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20.
Environmental Carcinogens
Carcinogens are chemical, physical, and biological agents that cause cellular changes that may result in cancer. Tobacco, as a chemical, is the world's number one carcinogen. Physical and biological carcinogens include radiation and certain viruses.
20.
Environmental Carcinogens
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9.
Infectious Diseases—General Introduction
Infectious diseases account for more death and illness than all other threats combined. Infectious agents include: prions, viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
9.
Infectious Diseases—General Introduction
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21.
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
By damaging the DNA, carcinogens interfere with the passage of information from the parent cell to the daughter cell. This lecture investigates the various pathways at the molecular level that can lead to cancer.
21.
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
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10.
Bacteria
Two major classes of bacteria are distinguishable by the Gram stain. This lecture examines different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including staphylococci, streptococci, and clostridium; and the diseases they cause, such as tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and plague.
10.
Bacteria
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22.
Invasion, Metastasis, and Angiogenesis
This lecture reveals how cancer spreads in the body. The turning point is the establishment of distant metastases. This generally defines incurable disease and unleashes its lethal potential. However, antiangiogenesis therapy shows promise for curing some metastatic cancers.
22.
Invasion, Metastasis, and Angiogenesis
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11.
Viruses
Viruses survive by replicating inside the cells of their hosts. The inflammatory response is ineffective against them, but the immune response can be successful. There are many viral diseases ranging from the common cold, to polio, to Ebola.
11.
Viruses
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23.
Treatment—Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy
For well-defined cancer tumors of known location, surgery does well at removing bulk, while radiation kills malignant cells around the margins. Chemotherapy is ideal for finding residual microscopic tumors where the exact location is not known.
23.
Treatment—Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy
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12.
Spirochetes, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Prions
This lecture looks at syphilis, typhus, chlamydia, and Lyme disease, some of which can be treated successfully with antibiotics. You will also look at some of the newly identified diseases caused by prions, such as mad cow disease, which have no known cures or treatments.
12.
Spirochetes, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Prions
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24.
How We Heal
The final lecture looks at the complex process of wound healing, focusing on the surgical wound or the traumatic wound as the prototype. Dr. Goodman discusses a range of factors that influence wound healing, illustrated by some of his own cases.
24.
How We Heal
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36
Lectures
30
minutes/lecture
1.
A Personal Path to Lifelong Health
Dr. Goodman welcomes you with an engaging overview of the critical importance of lifelong health. Here, he teaches you how to recognize sound medical advice on healthy living, reveals his personal approach to well-being, and charts the major themes of the course.
1.
A Personal Path to Lifelong Health
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19.
Healthful Eating versus Fad Diets
Learn how to view your way of eating as a way of living. As you debunk the myths of popular low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets, you discover why a Mediterranean-style diet (with its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats) is the perfect template on which to craft your own whole-food diet.
19.
Healthful Eating versus Fad Diets
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2.
The Cellular Biology of Aging
There's no avoiding the fact that your body ages over time. But how it ages is something you can try to control. In this first lecture on aging, explore the science behind this inevitable process with a look at how common aging factors—both internal and external—all begin at the cellular level.
2.
The Cellular Biology of Aging
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20.
Movement and Recreation—a.k.a. Exercise
What are the physical benefits of moving your body? How can you create an exercise plan that is optimum for your lifestyle? Discover the answers to these and other questions about physical activity.
20.
Movement and Recreation—a.k.a. Exercise
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3.
The Physiology of Aging
Continue your exploration of the aging process by examining what causes cells, tissues, and organ systems to lose some of their function over time. In addition, study the external stresses that cause aging, and learn a few tips on ways to slow this progression over time.
3.
The Physiology of Aging
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21.
The Physiology of Muscle
Delve into the physiology of muscles and weight training, including a closer look at the three basic kinds of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), the differences between isotonic and isometric exercises, and why it's never too late or too early to start moving your body.
21.
The Physiology of Muscle
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4.
Myths of Aging—Magical Times and Places
For thousands of years, the quest for eternal youth has captivated human society. Learn the difference between your chronological age and your biological age, explore two fascinating legends about immortality, and discover some cultural lifestyles that promote longevity.
4.
Myths of Aging—Magical Times and Places
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22.
Resistance Training and Weight Training
Discover why weight training doesn't have to be uncomfortable or intimidating. Dr. Goodman reveals how to get the most effective (and safe) workout from the muscles in your body through resistance training, free weights, calisthenics, and more—at any age.
22.
Resistance Training and Weight Training
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5.
Myths of Aging—Magical Substances
Dispel the myths behind medicines and procedures widely promoted to prolong life or stave off the aging process. As you investigate the uses of human growth hormones, anabolic steroids, cell therapy, and other methods, you uncover both the risks behind these "cures" and the ways they fall short on their promises.
5.
Myths of Aging—Magical Substances
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23.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise
Any well-rounded workout involves the use of aerobic and anaerobic activities as well as weight lifting. Examine the benefits of moderate and high-intensity exercises, learn how to draft a basic workout plan, investigate reasons that walking might be just as good for you as running, and more.
23.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise
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6.
Optimizing Health—Tests and Procedures
What health tests, screenings, and examinations can help you stay ahead of the curve? Discover the answers in this lecture, which teaches you the best times to consider mammograms, colonoscopies, exercise stress tests, and more—as well as routine blood tests and blood-pressure screenings.
6.
Optimizing Health—Tests and Procedures
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24.
Exercise in Dealing with Injury and Disease
Contrary to popular belief, exercising can be extremely beneficial for people with diseases such as diabetes, emotional disorders, and osteoarthritis—but only if done properly. Find out how in this lecture, which also offers you tips on preventing and recovering from common exercising injuries.
24.
Exercise in Dealing with Injury and Disease
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7.
Optimizing Health—Prevention
Preventing a disease is always better than trying to cure it. Here, look at some important measures you can take to prevent serious illnesses before they start, including quitting smoking, reducing high blood pressure, and immunizing yourself from the flu and other preventable diseases.
7.
Optimizing Health—Prevention
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25.
Joy in Movement—Sports and Exercise Options
Moving your body is an essential part of overall health and wellness. But with all the exercises and activities out there, how do you know which ones are right for you? Study the pros and cons of popular exercise options, including biking, hiking, dancing, and ball sports.
25.
Joy in Movement—Sports and Exercise Options
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8.
How We Look—Surgery and Skin-Care
Examine the realities of reconstructive surgery (which primarily restores or improves function) and cosmetic surgery (designed to improve appearance to reflect cultural norms). Also, focus on ways to prevent sunburn, skin cancer, acne, and other dermatological conditions.
8.
How We Look—Surgery and Skin-Care
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26.
Martial Arts and Yoga
Finish up your study of exercise by investigating two appealing options you might not have considered: martial arts and yoga. The different styles of these two workouts can be practiced at all ages and stages of life, with multiple benefits for enhancing the health of your joints, muscles, and mind.
26.
Martial Arts and Yoga
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9.
The End of the Journey—Death and Dying
Dr. Goodman candidly discusses the topic of death and dying, the awareness and acceptance of which is essential to optimum living. He discusses two programs that have shed new light on this difficult subject for the dying and their families: meaning-centered therapy and hospice and palliative care.
9.
The End of the Journey—Death and Dying
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27.
Mental Health and Stress Reduction
Start taking control of the stress in your life with this lecture, which introduces you to the profound benefits of mental well-being on all aspects of your life and teaches you how to realistically reduce stress through three powerful techniques: relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness.
27.
Mental Health and Stress Reduction
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10.
Health Advances on the Horizon
Cast your gaze onto the future of medical care with a study of current and future advances in medicine designed to prolong our lives, such as genetic research and immunotherapy.
10.
Health Advances on the Horizon
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28.
Brain Physiology, Alzheimer's, and Dementia
Peer inside the physiology of the human brain and uncover ways to increase cognitive function and slow its decline. Then, move on to look at the challenges, warning signs, and myths behind Alzheimer's disease, which accounts for about 60% to 80% of all dementias in the United States.
28.
Brain Physiology, Alzheimer's, and Dementia
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11.
Nutrition—Choices for a Healthy Life
Turn now to a focus on guidelines for good nutrition. Here, Dr. Goodman introduces you to some of the major themes he'll discuss in following lectures, including the role of food in our culture, the value of eating whole foods, and the search for nutritional balance.
11.
Nutrition—Choices for a Healthy Life
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29.
Maintaining Your Mental Edge
Explore the three pillars for optimizing your mental edge as you age: frequently exercising; maintaining strong interactions with family and friends; and stimulating your brain through learning. The lecture concludes with a brief discussion of the invaluable power of laughter on your mental health.
29.
Maintaining Your Mental Edge
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12.
The Physiology of Nutrition
To best understand nutrition, it's necessary to break down the components of food into manageable pieces. Examine the important nutritional roles of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and end with a close look at how to read the USDA's revised food pyramid.
12.
The Physiology of Nutrition
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30.
Focus on Women's Health
In the first of two lectures on women's health, focus on the risk factors, symptoms, effects, and possible preventive measures of three critical health issues for women: osteoporosis, depression, and heart disease.
30.
Focus on Women's Health
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13.
The Role of Vitamins
Learn more about vitamins, those essential nutrients that your body requires from external sources for normal growth and development. Among the vitamins covered in this lecture are Vitamins A, D, E, C, and K. Also, learn why you should always use vitamins to supplement—not substitute for—a well-balanced diet.
13.
The Role of Vitamins
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31.
Focus on Menopause
Take a close look at the three major kinds of menopause, as well as the contentious debate over using hormone replacement therapy to lessen the unpleasant symptoms of this normal part of the aging process.
31.
Focus on Menopause
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14.
The Role of Supplements
Investigate antioxidants, fiber, herbs, and other supplements that may lower your risk of health problems and improve your body's overall function. In addition, learn how to distinguish supplements that can serve a valuable role in your diet from those that serve no benefit—or that can even be harmful.
14.
The Role of Supplements
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32.
Focus on Men's Health
Examine some of the health issues common to men, including prostate health (and the importance of testing for prostate-specific antigens), central obesity (or "belly fat"), erectile dysfunction, and andropause (the gradual decline in testosterone sometimes referred to as "male menopause").
32.
Focus on Men's Health
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15.
Whole Foods for Optimum Health
How can you get the benefit of vitamins and supplements without going into areas of unproven benefits and possible risks? The answer: whole foods. Here, discover the amazing benefits of "power foods," such as berries, apples, garlic, teas, and turmeric.
15.
Whole Foods for Optimum Health
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33.
Focus on Children's and Adolescents' Health
Childhood eating habits tend to stay with people throughout their lives; these habits are also very hard to change later. Using his insight as a doctor, a parent, and a grandparent, Dr. Goodman gives you advice on establishing and maintaining healthy eating habits in children and adolescents.
33.
Focus on Children's and Adolescents' Health
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16.
The Good Fats
Good fats such as omega-3 fatty acids and monosaturated fatty acids are greatly misunderstood and have the potential to maximize your health and well-being. Clear up the myths surrounding this group of whole foods and learn how to best integrate them into your daily diet.
16.
The Good Fats
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34.
Healthy Choices in Your Daily Life
This lecture emphasizes the importance of choices you make every day that affect your health and well-being. Get invaluable tips on sleeping adequately, staying well hydrated, and controlling your consumption of alcohol—especially during periods of high stress.
34.
Healthy Choices in Your Daily Life
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17.
Sugar, Salt, Allergies, and Additives
Some foods can evoke unpleasant and unhealthy responses in different people. Dr. Goodman examines the risks of eating too much salt, sugar, and additives; offers you commonsense tips on how to control your intake of these foods; and discusses the differences between food allergies and sensitivities.
17.
Sugar, Salt, Allergies, and Additives
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35.
Becoming an Educated Patient
Maximize the effectiveness of your relationship with your healthcare professional by learning how to ask the right questions, what to bring to a doctor's appointment, and more. Also, delve deeper into ways to balance conventional and proven alternative medical therapies while keeping your best interests at heart.
35.
Becoming an Educated Patient
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18.
The Physiology of Weight Management
Obesity is one of the fastest-growing epidemics in the United States. This lecture covers a host of topics about obesity and weight management, including the differences between being "overweight" and "obese," the roles played by genetics and the environment, and practical eating and dieting advice for managing your weight.
18.
The Physiology of Weight Management
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36.
Here's to Your Healthy Life!
Conclude with a review of the ground you covered, a look at a compelling 72-year study on human longevity that cements the benefits of healthy living, and some powerful words of practical advice that will help guide you through the dynamic world of optimum well-being.
36.
Here's to Your Healthy Life!
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